Sand and gravel are among the most essential natural resources supporting Sierra Leone’s development. They form the foundation of our homes, roads, tourism facilities, and public infrastructure. As the country continues to urbanise and pursue economic growth, the demand for these materials inevitably increases. However, sand extraction presents complex environmental, economic, and governance challenges that require urgent, forward-looking action. This report contributes to the country’s national understanding of this issue. The study focuses on the Western Area Peninsula and the Mahera Lungi corridor areas that host the nation’s capital, the international gateway to Sierra Leone, and a rapidly growing tourism belt